Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic panels, harness the sun's energy through a process called the photovoltaic effect. This phenomenon involves the generation of electricity when sunlight strikes the surface of the panels, which are made up of silicon cells. These cells absorb photons from the sunlight, causing the electrons in the silicon to become energized and create an electric current. This electricity is then converted from direct current DC to alternating current AC by an inverter, making it usable for powering homes, businesses, and other applications. Solar panels offer a sustainable and renewable energy solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions.